Mental Health Treatment: It’s Commonly Accepted Yet Not So Easy to Obtain or Understand

Younger Adults More Likely to Have Received Treatment; Stigma and Privacy Less of a Concern

ROCHESTER, N.Y. – July 2, 2008 – Seeing a psychologist or other mental health professional isn’t an unusual thing; in fact it’s relatively common. Nearly three in ten U.S. adults (29%) report that they have received treatment or therapy from a psychologist or other mental health professional. The survey also found that younger adults are more open to seeking mental health treatment than those over 50 and that many adults are not discouraged from seeking treatment because of stigma or fear of others finding out.

Additional results of a nationwide study of 2,529 U.S. adults surveyed online between April 7 and 15, 2008 by Harris Interactive^®in conjunction with the American Psychological Association are as follows:

Men (28%) and women (30%) are equally likely to have received treatment or therapy from a psychologist or other mental health professional;
Generationally, adults 65 and older are the least likely to have received treatment (17%) followed by those 50 – 64 years old (25%). Younger adults are more likely to have received therapy, especially those in their 20’s (34%), and 30’s (36%);
Financial considerations are the leading barrier to receiving care, either through lack of insurance coverage (52%) or concerns over cost (42%).

Why do People Consider Treatment?

People seek treatment for help with a variety of the challenges that life presents.

The most common reason, mentioned by nearly six in ten adults (59%), is depression and anxiety. In fact, nearly eight in ten (79%) who had received treatment in the past cited depression and anxiety as a reason they might seek treatment in the future;
Other common reasons for which people would consider seeking therapy include trauma and post-traumatic stress (42%), relationship problems with family members or others (37%), grieving for a loved one (35%), and stress that causes physical problems such as stomach or back pain (30%);
The reasons for seeking treatment differ by gender and age. Women are more likely than men to consider therapy for trauma (47% vs. 36%), family or relationship problems (40% vs. 33%) and grieving for a loved one (42% vs. 28%);
Older adults (65 and above) are the least likely to have received therapy, yet they are most likely to consider it for help adjusting and recovering after a serious injury or medical procedure (35%). They are also as likely as younger adults to consider treatment when grieving for a loved one (38%).

What Prevents People from Seeking Treatment?

When U.S. adults are asked to consider why they or others might not seek treatment from a mental health professional, responses fall into two main categories – lack of knowledge about the process and access to care.

Two-thirds (68%) of U.S. adults mention one or more factors related to a basic lack of understanding about the treatment process itself - lack of confidence in the outcome (34%), lack of knowledge about how to find the right professional (31%), or not knowing if it’s appropriate to seek help (28%);
Sixty-seven percent of respondents cited access to care as a reason why they or others might not seek treatment, with half (52%) noting cost and 42% reporting lack of insurance;
Interestingly, concerns over stigma or privacy, though mentioned by more than half of adults (56%), are mentioned less commonly than access or knowledge of the process as reasons not to seek mental health treatment. Specifically, one-quarter of adults (26%) mention stigma as a reason for not seeking treatment, 22 percent mention concerns about what others might think of them, 19 percent are concerned about people finding out and 15 percent mention concerns about confidentiality.
While men and women are equally likely to have actually gone to therapy they differ in what they perceive as the barriers to treatment. Women are more likely to mention issues related to access (72% vs. 62% of men) while men are more likely to cite factors related to lack of knowledge about the process (71% vs. 64% of women). They are equally likely to consider stigma or privacy a barrier to treatment (58% vs. 55%).

According to Dr. Richard Millard, Group President of Harris Interactive, "It’s a paradox of sorts that therapy for mental health has become commonplace and rather normal, even though a sizeable proportion of Americans say it’s either difficult to afford, or hard to understand how it works".

American Life and Mental Health Care

Millions of Americans have received treatment from a mental health professional, yet many continue to face problems of access, lack of understanding or perceived stigma. These survey results suggest that providing adequate insurance coverage for mental health issues and educating the public about treatment effectiveness may help improve access to care for those in need of psychological services

TABLE 1

EXPERIENCE WITH MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT

"Have you ever received treatment or therapy from a psychologist or other mental health professional?"

Base: All Adults

	Total	Gender		Age
	Total	Male	Female	18-24	25-29	30-39	40-49	50-64	65+
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Yes	29	28	30	35	34	36	32	25	17
No	69	69	68	62	64	63	66	72	81
Decline to answer	2	2	2	3	3	1	2	2	2

Note: Percentages may not add up exactly to 100% due to rounding.

TABLE 2

PROBLEMS FOR WHICH PEOPLE WOULD CONSIDER THERAPY

"For which of the following problems would you consider seeking therapy?"

Base: All Adults

	Total	Gender		Age
	Total	Male	Female	18-24	25-29	30-39	40-49	50-64	65+
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Depression and Anxiety	59	54	63	58	59	62	60	55	59
Trauma and post-traumatic stress	42	36	47	53	48	46	40	39	33
Problems with family members and other relationships	37	33	40	32	41	39	40	37	30
Grieving for a loved one	35	28	42	28	28	38	35	38	38
Stress that is causing physical problems such as stomach aches, back pains, etc.	30	32	29	23	34	30	31	30	31
To help adjust and recover after a serious injury or medical procedure	25	24	25	21	21	23	25	23	35
Making behavior and lifestyle changes (e.g. quit smoking, lose weight)	18	17	18	20	18	18	22	15	15
Everyday hassles and stress	15	15	15	17	19	17	17	13	7
Problems at school or work	11	13	10	17	20	10	12	10	4
Other	6	6	5	11	6	4	6	7	2
I would never seek therapy	16	18	13	21	12	13	17	16	16

Note: Percentages do not add up exactly to 100% due to acceptance of multiple responses.

TABLE 3

PROBLEMS FOR WHICH PEOPLE WOULD CONSIDER THERAPY – EXPERIENCE WITH THERAPY

"For which of the following problems would you consider seeking therapy?"

Base: All Adults

	Total	Have Ever Received Mental Health Treatment or Therapy
	Total	Yes	No
	%	%	%
Depression and Anxiety	59	79	50
Trauma and post-traumatic stress	42	56	36
Problems with family members and other relationships	37	56	29
Grieving for a loved one	35	44	31
Stress that is causing physical problems such as stomach aches, back pains, etc.	30	41	26
To help adjust and recover after a serious injury or medical procedure	25	27	24
Making behavior and lifestyle changes (e.g. quit smoking, lose weight)	18	26	14
Everyday hassles and stress	15	24	11
Problems at school or work	11	23	6
Other	6	9	4
I would never seek therapy	16	3	21

Note: Percentages do not add up exactly to 100% due to acceptance of multiple responses.

TABLE 4

BARRIERS TO SEEKING TREATMENT – SUMMARY OF TOP 3 REASONS

"Below are some reasons people might choose not to seek help from a mental health professional. Please indicate the top three reasons you or someone might give for not seeking treatment?"

Base: All Adults

	Total	Gender		Age
	Total	Male	Female	18-24	25-29	30-39	40-49	50-64	65+
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Lack of knowledge of the process (NET)	68	71	64	64	69	68	67	68	69
Lack of confidence in the outcome of treatment	34	39	29	26	35	31	34	34	40
Lack of knowledge about how to find the right professional for your needs	31	31	31	25	27	26	30	35	40
Not knowing if it’s appropriate to seek help	28	30	26	35	30	32	26	25	25
Access to care (NET)	67	62	72	65	63	69	68	66	70
Concerns over the cost of treatment	52	48	56	53	51	57	50	49	54
Lack of insurance coverage	42	37	46	44	35	40	47	41	42
Privacy and stigma (NET)	56	58	55	61	56	55	55	58	56
Belief there is a stigma associated with therapy	26	26	25	26	23	28	22	29	25
Concern about what others might think of you	22	24	20	27	20	22	20	24	21
Concerns about other people finding out	19	20	18	20	19	17	20	20	17
Concerns over confidentiality	15	15	15	15	13	10	17	16	19
Lack of time	18	16	20	23	27	23	20	14	6
Other	14	15	13	7	21	13	14	16	10

Note: Percentages do not add up exactly to 100% due to acceptance of multiple responses.

Methodology

This study was conducted online within the United States between April 7 and 15, 2008, among 2,529 adults (aged 18 and over). Figures for age, sex, race, education, region and household income were weighted where necessary to bring them into line with their actual proportions in the population. Propensity score weighting was also used to adjust for respondents’ propensity to be online.

All sample surveys and polls, whether or not they use probability sampling, are subject to multiple sources of error which are most often not possible to quantify or estimate, including sampling error, coverage error, error associated with nonresponse, error associated with question wording and response options, and post-survey weighting and adjustments. Therefore, Harris Interactive avoids the words "margin of error" as they are misleading. All that can be calculated are different possible sampling errors with different probabilities for pure, unweighted, random samples with 100% response rates. These are only theoretical because no published polls come close to this ideal.

Respondents for this survey were selected from among those who have agreed to participate in Harris Interactive surveys. The data have been weighted to reflect the composition of the adult population. Because the sample is based on those who agreed to participate in the Harris Interactive panel, no estimates of theoretical sampling error can be calculated.

These statements conform to the principles of disclosure of the National Council on Public Polls.

About Harris Interactive

Harris Interactive is a global leader in custom market research. With a long and rich history in multimodal research, powered by our science and technology, we assist clients in achieving business results. Harris Interactive serves clients globally through our North American, European and Asian offices and a network of independent market research firms. For more information, please visit www.harrisinteractive.com.

American Psychological Association

The American Psychological Association (APA), in Washington, DC, is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States and is the world's largest association of psychologists. APA's membership includes more than 148,000 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students. Through its divisions in 54 subfields of psychology and affiliations with 60 state, territorial and Canadian provincial associations, APA works to advance psychology as a science, as a profession and as a means of promoting health, education and human welfare.

Press Contact:

Tracey McNerney
Harris Interactive
585-214-7756
press@harrisinteractive.net

Sophie Bethune
American Psychological Association
202-336-6134
sbethune@apa.org